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There are two, and they are drained differently.",[496,497,498,514],"table",{},[499,500,501],"thead",{},[502,503,504,508,511],"tr",{},[505,506,507],"th",{},"Queue",[505,509,510],{},"Sources",[505,512,513],{},"Drained",[515,516,517,535],"tbody",{},[502,518,519,523,532],{},[520,521,522],"td",{},"Task (macrotask)",[520,524,525,527,528,531],{},[105,526,301],{},", ",[105,529,530],{},"setInterval",", I\u002FO, events",[520,533,534],{},"One per loop iteration",[502,536,537,540,549],{},[520,538,539],{},"Microtask",[520,541,542,543,527,546],{},"Promise callbacks, ",[105,544,545],{},"queueMicrotask",[105,547,548],{},"MutationObserver",[520,550,551],{},"Completely, after every task",[209,553,555],{"id":554},"the-rule","The rule",[95,557,558,559,563],{},"After the stack empties, the event loop drains ",[560,561,562],"strong",{},"the entire microtask queue"," before\ntaking the next task. Microtasks added while draining are also processed in the same\npass.",[99,565,567],{"className":101,"code":566,"language":103,"meta":39,"style":39},"console.log('script start')\n\nsetTimeout(() => console.log('timeout'), 0)\n\nPromise.resolve()\n  .then(() => console.log('promise 1'))\n  .then(() => console.log('promise 2'))\n\nconsole.log('script end')\n",[105,568,569,582,586,609,613,626,650,671,675],{"__ignoreMap":39},[108,570,571,573,575,577,580],{"class":110,"line":49},[108,572,316],{"class":121},[108,574,319],{"class":117},[108,576,322],{"class":121},[108,578,579],{"class":131},"'script start'",[108,581,328],{"class":121},[108,583,584],{"class":110,"line":125},[108,585,192],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":26},[108,587,588,590,592,594,596,598,600,603,605,607],{"class":110,"line":40},[108,589,301],{"class":117},[108,591,335],{"class":121},[108,593,338],{"class":113},[108,595,341],{"class":121},[108,597,319],{"class":117},[108,599,322],{"class":121},[108,601,602],{"class":131},"'timeout'",[108,604,351],{"class":121},[108,606,354],{"class":231},[108,608,328],{"class":121},[108,610,611],{"class":110,"line":140},[108,612,192],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":26},[108,614,615,618,621,624],{"class":110,"line":150},[108,616,617],{"class":231},"Promise",[108,619,620],{"class":121},".",[108,622,623],{"class":117},"resolve",[108,625,157],{"class":121},[108,627,628,631,634,636,638,640,642,644,647],{"class":110,"line":160},[108,629,630],{"class":121},"  .",[108,632,633],{"class":117},"then",[108,635,335],{"class":121},[108,637,338],{"class":113},[108,639,341],{"class":121},[108,641,319],{"class":117},[108,643,322],{"class":121},[108,645,646],{"class":131},"'promise 1'",[108,648,649],{"class":121},"))\n",[108,651,652,654,656,658,660,662,664,666,669],{"class":110,"line":165},[108,653,630],{"class":121},[108,655,633],{"class":117},[108,657,335],{"class":121},[108,659,338],{"class":113},[108,661,341],{"class":121},[108,663,319],{"class":117},[108,665,322],{"class":121},[108,667,668],{"class":131},"'promise 2'",[108,670,649],{"class":121},[108,672,673],{"class":110,"line":175},[108,674,192],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":26},[108,676,677,679,681,683,686],{"class":110,"line":184},[108,678,316],{"class":121},[108,680,319],{"class":117},[108,682,322],{"class":121},[108,684,685],{"class":131},"'script end'",[108,687,328],{"class":121},[95,689,690],{},"Output:",[99,692,697],{"className":693,"code":695,"language":696,"meta":39},[694],"language-text","script start\nscript end\npromise 1\npromise 2\ntimeout\n","text",[105,698,695],{"__ignoreMap":39},[95,700,701],{},"Both promise callbacks run before the timeout, even though the timeout was scheduled\nfirst. They are microtasks; the timeout is a task.",[209,703,705],{"id":704},"await-is-a-microtask-boundary","await is a microtask boundary",[95,707,708,710],{},[105,709,461],{}," suspends the function and schedules the remainder as a promise continuation:",[99,712,714],{"className":101,"code":713,"language":103,"meta":39,"style":39},"async function run() {\n  console.log('a')\n  await null \u002F\u002F still a microtask, even awaiting a non-promise\n  console.log('c')\n}\n\nrun()\nconsole.log('b')\n\u002F\u002F a, b, c\n",[105,715,716,728,742,753,766,770,774,781,794],{"__ignoreMap":39},[108,717,718,720,723,726],{"class":110,"line":49},[108,719,64],{"class":113},[108,721,722],{"class":113}," function",[108,724,725],{"class":117}," run",[108,727,122],{"class":121},[108,729,730,733,735,737,740],{"class":110,"line":125},[108,731,732],{"class":121},"  console.",[108,734,319],{"class":117},[108,736,322],{"class":121},[108,738,739],{"class":131},"'a'",[108,741,328],{"class":121},[108,743,744,747,750],{"class":110,"line":40},[108,745,746],{"class":113},"  await",[108,748,749],{"class":231}," null",[108,751,752],{"class":276}," \u002F\u002F still a microtask, even awaiting a non-promise\n",[108,754,755,757,759,761,764],{"class":110,"line":140},[108,756,732],{"class":121},[108,758,319],{"class":117},[108,760,322],{"class":121},[108,762,763],{"class":131},"'c'",[108,765,328],{"class":121},[108,767,768],{"class":110,"line":150},[108,769,137],{"class":121},[108,771,772],{"class":110,"line":160},[108,773,192],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":26},[108,775,776,779],{"class":110,"line":165},[108,777,778],{"class":117},"run",[108,780,157],{"class":121},[108,782,783,785,787,789,792],{"class":110,"line":175},[108,784,316],{"class":121},[108,786,319],{"class":117},[108,788,322],{"class":121},[108,790,791],{"class":131},"'b'",[108,793,328],{"class":121},[108,795,796],{"class":110,"line":184},[108,797,798],{"class":276},"\u002F\u002F a, b, c\n",[95,800,801,804,805,807,808,811],{},[105,802,803],{},"await null"," does not skip the queue. Everything after the ",[105,806,461],{}," becomes a\nmicrotask, so the synchronous ",[105,809,810],{},"console.log('b')"," runs first.",[209,813,815],{"id":814},"starving-the-loop","Starving the loop",[95,817,818],{},"Because microtasks drain completely, a microtask that schedules another microtask\nforever prevents any task from ever running:",[99,820,822],{"className":101,"code":821,"language":103,"meta":39,"style":39},"function spin() {\n  Promise.resolve().then(spin)\n}\nspin()\n\u002F\u002F Timers never fire. Rendering never happens. The page is frozen —\n\u002F\u002F but the CPU profile looks like idle promise work, not a busy loop.\n",[105,823,824,833,850,854,861,866],{"__ignoreMap":39},[108,825,826,828,831],{"class":110,"line":49},[108,827,114],{"class":113},[108,829,830],{"class":117}," spin",[108,832,122],{"class":121},[108,834,835,838,840,842,845,847],{"class":110,"line":125},[108,836,837],{"class":231},"  Promise",[108,839,620],{"class":121},[108,841,623],{"class":117},[108,843,844],{"class":121},"().",[108,846,633],{"class":117},[108,848,849],{"class":121},"(spin)\n",[108,851,852],{"class":110,"line":40},[108,853,137],{"class":121},[108,855,856,859],{"class":110,"line":140},[108,857,858],{"class":117},"spin",[108,860,157],{"class":121},[108,862,863],{"class":110,"line":150},[108,864,865],{"class":276},"\u002F\u002F Timers never fire. Rendering never happens. The page is frozen —\n",[108,867,868],{"class":110,"line":160},[108,869,870],{"class":276},"\u002F\u002F but the CPU profile looks like idle promise work, not a busy loop.\n",[872,873,874],"danger",{},[95,875,876,877,880,881,883],{},"This is worse than a ",[105,878,879],{},"while (true)"," loop, because it is harder to spot. The stack is\nshallow, each individual microtask is fast, and nothing looks obviously wrong. Use\n",[105,882,301],{}," rather than promise recursion for anything that repeats indefinitely.",[209,885,887],{"id":886},"rendering","Rendering",[95,889,890],{},"In a browser, rendering is neither a task nor a microtask — it happens between\ntasks, at most once per frame. Since microtasks drain before rendering, a long\nmicrotask chain delays paint just as effectively as blocking code.",[892,893,894],"tip",{},[95,895,896,899],{},[105,897,898],{},"requestAnimationFrame"," callbacks run just before paint, after microtasks. That is\nthe correct place for visual updates, and the wrong place for anything expensive.",[470,901,902],{},"html pre.shiki code .sM9_K, html code.shiki .sM9_K{--shiki-default:#ADBAC7;--shiki-dark:#ADBAC7}html pre.shiki code .s-wk_, html code.shiki .s-wk_{--shiki-default:#DCBDFB;--shiki-dark:#DCBDFB}html pre.shiki code .szYpP, html code.shiki .szYpP{--shiki-default:#96D0FF;--shiki-dark:#96D0FF}html pre.shiki code .sEYkB, html code.shiki .sEYkB{--shiki-default:#F47067;--shiki-dark:#F47067}html pre.shiki code .sQdni, html code.shiki .sQdni{--shiki-default:#6CB6FF;--shiki-dark:#6CB6FF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s0RzX, html code.shiki .s0RzX{--shiki-default:#768390;--shiki-dark:#768390}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":40,"depth":40,"links":904},[905,906,907,908],{"id":554,"depth":125,"text":555},{"id":704,"depth":125,"text":705},{"id":814,"depth":125,"text":815},{"id":886,"depth":125,"text":887},"Two queues, different draining rules, and the ordering that follows.",{},"\u002Flearn\u002Fen\u002Fcourses\u002Fevent-loop\u002Ftask-queues",{"title":486,"description":909},"learn\u002Fen\u002Fcourses\u002Fevent-loop\u002F02.task-queues","Jzwld-KwT30H_KYGrTndaDQB3plJFyiXJ-0rWZCopTQ",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":916},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"8\" height=\"8\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M7 11v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\u002F>\u003Crect width=\"8\" height=\"8\" x=\"13\" y=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":918},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M21.801 10A10 10 0 1 1 17 3.335\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m9 11l3 3L22 4\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":920},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\u002F>\u003Crect width=\"12\" height=\"8\" x=\"6\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":922},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0zM22 10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":924},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M10 2v8l3-3l3 3V2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M4 19.5v-15A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 2H19a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v18a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H6.5a1 1 0 0 1 0-5H20\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":926},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M13.4 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7.4M2 6h4m-4 4h4m-4 4h4m-4 4h4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M21.378 5.626a1 1 0 1 0-3.004-3.004l-5.01 5.012a2 2 0 0 0-.506.854l-.837 2.87a.5.5 0 0 0 .62.62l2.87-.837a2 2 0 0 0 .854-.506z\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":928,"title":33,"course":50,"description":929,"extension":930,"lang":46,"meta":931,"passingScore":932,"questions":933,"shuffle":26,"stem":1027,"__hash__":1028},"quizzes\u002Flearn\u002Fen\u002Fcourses\u002Fevent-loop\u002Fquiz.yml","Six questions on ordering, queues and blocking.","yml",{},70,[934,954,970,985,999,1013],{"id":935,"question":936,"type":937,"difficulty":938,"options":939,"correct":952,"explanation":953},"order-basic","What does this print? console.log('1'); setTimeout(() => console.log('3'), 0); console.log('2')","single","easy",[940,943,946,949],{"id":941,"text":942},"a","1, 2, 3",{"id":944,"text":945},"b","1, 3, 2",{"id":947,"text":948},"c","3, 1, 2",{"id":950,"text":951},"d","The order is not deterministic",[941],"setTimeout queues a task regardless of the delay. Tasks only run once the stack is empty, so both synchronous logs happen first.\n",{"id":955,"question":956,"type":957,"difficulty":958,"options":959,"correct":968,"explanation":969},"micro-vs-macro","Which of these schedule microtasks rather than tasks?","multiple","medium",[960,962,964,966],{"id":941,"text":961},"Promise.resolve().then(fn)",{"id":944,"text":963},"queueMicrotask(fn)",{"id":947,"text":965},"setTimeout(fn, 0)",{"id":950,"text":967},"The continuation after an await",[941,944,950],"Promise continuations, queueMicrotask and everything after an await are microtasks. setTimeout always queues a task, even with a zero delay.\n",{"id":971,"question":972,"type":937,"difficulty":973,"options":974,"correct":983,"explanation":984},"await-null","Does `await null` yield to the microtask queue?","hard",[975,977,979,981],{"id":941,"text":976},"No — awaiting a non-promise resolves synchronously",{"id":944,"text":978},"Yes — the rest of the function becomes a microtask either way",{"id":947,"text":980},"Only in strict mode",{"id":950,"text":982},"Only if the function was called from another async function",[944],"await always suspends. The value is wrapped and the remainder of the function is scheduled as a promise continuation, non-promise operand or not.\n",{"id":986,"question":987,"type":937,"difficulty":958,"options":988,"correct":997,"explanation":998},"drain-rule","How much of the microtask queue is drained between two tasks?",[989,991,993,995],{"id":941,"text":990},"One microtask",{"id":944,"text":992},"All of it, including microtasks added during the drain",{"id":947,"text":994},"All of it, but newly added ones wait for the next pass",{"id":950,"text":996},"As many as fit in the current frame budget",[944],"The queue is drained to empty. Microtasks enqueued while draining join the same pass, which is what makes infinite microtask recursion able to starve the loop entirely.\n",{"id":1000,"question":1001,"type":937,"difficulty":973,"options":1002,"correct":1011,"explanation":1012},"starvation","Why is infinite promise recursion harder to diagnose than a while(true) loop?",[1003,1005,1007,1009],{"id":941,"text":1004},"It only reproduces under load",{"id":944,"text":1006},"The stack stays shallow and each microtask completes quickly",{"id":947,"text":1008},"Browsers suppress errors inside promises",{"id":950,"text":1010},"It does not actually block rendering",[944],"Each individual microtask returns immediately and the stack never grows, so nothing looks stuck — but the queue never empties, so no task or paint ever runs.\n",{"id":1014,"question":1015,"type":937,"difficulty":958,"options":1016,"correct":1025,"explanation":1026},"raf","When do requestAnimationFrame callbacks run?",[1017,1019,1021,1023],{"id":941,"text":1018},"Before microtasks are drained",{"id":944,"text":1020},"After microtasks, just before paint",{"id":947,"text":1022},"At the same priority as setTimeout(fn, 16)",{"id":950,"text":1024},"On a separate thread from the main loop",[944],"rAF callbacks run in the rendering step, after the microtask queue has drained, immediately before the browser paints the frame.\n","learn\u002Fen\u002Fcourses\u002Fevent-loop\u002Fquiz","5l1vwZesuivBxzEwvXYasWr9Nz10Iq2OmAFu7gZH1E4",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":1030},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m9 18l6-6l-6-6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":1032},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M0 0h24v24H0zm22.034 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